醒世恒言第二卷三孝廉让产立高名

    <span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">醒世恒言</span><font face="times new roman"> </font><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">第二卷</span><font face="times new roman"> </font><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">三孝廉让产立高名</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><font face="times new roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span></font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">紫荆枝下还家日，花萼楼中合被时。</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">同气从来兄与弟，千秋羞咏豆萁诗。</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">这首诗，为劝人兄弟和顺而作，用著二个故事，看官听在下一一分剖。第一句说：“紫荆枝下还家日”。昔时有田氏兄弟三人，小同居合爨。长的娶妻叫田大嫂，次的娶妻叫田二嫂。妯娌和睦，并无闲言。惟第三的年小，随著哥嫂过日。后来长大娶妻，叫田三嫂。那田三嫂为人不贤，恃著自己有些妆奁，看见夫家一锅里煮饭，一桌上吃食，不用私钱，不动私秤，便私房要吃些东西，也不方便，日夜在丈夫面前撺掇：“公堂钱库田产，都是伯伯们掌管，一出一入，你全不知道。他是亮里，你是暗里。用一说十，用十说百，哪里晓得！目今虽说同居，到底有个散场。若还家道消乏下来，只苦得你年幼的。依我说，不如早早分析，将财产三分拨开，各人自去营运，不好么？”田三一时被妻言所惑，认为有理，央亲戚对哥哥说，要分析而居。田大、田二初时不肯，被田三夫妇内外连连催逼，只得依允。将所有房产钱谷之类，二分拨开，分毫不多，分毫不多，分毫不少。只有庭前一捆大紫荆树，积祖传下，极其茂盛，既要析居，这树归著哪一个？可惜正在开花之际，也说不得了。田大至公无私，议将此树砍倒，将粗本分为三截，每人各得一截，其余零枝碎叶，论秤分开。商议已妥，只待来日动手。</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">次日天明，田大唤了两个兄弟，同去砍树。到得树边看时，枝枯叶萎，全无生气。田大把手一推，其树应手而倒根芽俱露。田大住手，向树大哭。两个兄弟道：“此树值得甚么！兄长何必如此痛惜！”田大道：“吾非哭此树也。思我兄弟三人，产于一姓，同爷合母，比这树枝枝叶叶，连根而生，分开不得。根生本，本生枝，枝生叶，所以荣盛。昨日议将此树分为三截，树不忍活活分离，一夜自家枯死。我兄弟三人若分离了，亦如此树枯死，岂有荣盛之日？吾所以悲哀耳。”田二、三闻哥哥所言，至情感动：“可以人而不如树乎？”遂相抱做一堆，痛哭不已。大家不忍分析，情愿依旧同居合爨。三房妻子听得堂前哭声，出来看时方知其故。大嫂二嫂，各各欢喜，惟三嫂不愿，口出怨言。田三要将妻逐出。两个哥哥再三劝住。三嫂羞惭，还房自缢而死。此乃自作孽不可活。这话搁过不题。再说田大可惜那棵紫荆树，再来看其树无整理，自然端正，枝枝再活，花萎重新，比前更加烂熳。田大唤两个兄弟来看了，各人嗟讶不已。自此田氏累世同居。有诗为证：</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">紫荆花下说三田，人合人离花亦然。</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">同气连枝原不解，家中莫听妇人言。</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">第二句说“花萼楼中合被时”。那花萼楼在陕西长安城中，大唐玄宗皇帝所建。玄宗皇帝就是唐明皇。他原是唐家宗室，因为韦氏乱政，武三囚专权，明皇起兵诛之，遂即帝位。有五个兄弟，皆封王爵，时号“五王”。明皇友爱甚笃，起一座大楼，取</span><span lang="en-us"><font face="times new roman">)</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">之义，名日花萼。时时召五王登楼欢宴。又制成大幔，名为“五王帐”。帐中长枕大被，明皇和五王时常同寝其中。有诗为证：</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">羯鼓频敲玉笛催，朱楼宴罢夕阳微。</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">宫人秉烛通宵坐，不信君王夜不归。</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span>

    span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">第四句说“千秋羞咏豆萁诗”。后汉魏王曹操长子曹丕，篡汉称帝。有弟曹植，字子建，聪明绝世。操生时最所宠爱，几遍欲立为嗣而不果。曹丕衔其旧恨，欲寻事而杀之。一日，召子建问曰：“先帝每夸汝诗才敏捷，朕未曾面试。今限汝七步之内，成诗一首。如若不成，当坐汝欺诳之罪。”子建未及七步，其诗已成，中寓规讽之意。诗曰：</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">煮豆燃豆萁，豆在釜中泣。</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">本是同根生，相煎何太急。</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">曹丕见诗感泣，遂释前恨。后人有诗为证：</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">从来宠贵起猜疑，七步诗成亦可危。</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">堪叹釜萁仇未已，六朝骨肉尽诛夷。</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">说话的，为何今日讲这两三个故事？只为自家要说那三孝廉让产立高名。这段话文不比曹丕忌刻，也没子建风流，胜如紫荆花下三田，花萼楼中诸李，随你不和顺的弟兄，听著在下讲这节故事，都要学好起来。正是：</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">要知天下事，须读古人书。</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">这故事出在东汉光武年间。那时天下安，万民乐业。朝有梧凤之鸣，野无谷驹之叹。原来汉朝取士之法，不比今时。他不以科目取士，惟凭州郡选举。虽则有博学宏词、贤良方正等科，惟以孝廉为重。孝者，孝弟；廉者，廉洁。孝则忠君，廉则爱民。但是举了孝廉，便得出身做官。若依了今日事势，州县考个童生，还有几十封荐书，若是举孝廉时，不知多少分上钻刺，依旧是富贵子弟钻去了。孤寒的便有曾参之孝，伯夷之廉，休想扬名显姓。只是汉时法度甚妙，但是举过芋人孝廉，其人若困然有才有德，不拘资格，骤熬升擢，连举主俱纪录受赏；若所举不得其人，后日或贪财坏法，轻则罪黜，重则抄没，连举主一同受罪。那荐人的与所荐之人，休戚相关，不敢胡乱。所以公道大明，朝班清肃。不在话下。</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">且说会稽郡阳羡县，有一人姓许名武，字长文，十五岁上，父母双亡。虽然遗下些田产童仆，奈门户单微，无人帮助。更兼有两个兄弟，一名许晏，年方九岁，一名许普，年方七岁，都则幼小无知，终日赶著哥哥啼哭。那许武日则躬率童仆，耕田种圃，夜则挑灯读书。但是耕种时，二弟虽未胜锄，必使从旁观看。但是读时，把两个小兄弟坐于案旁，将句读亲口传授，细细讲解，教以礼让之节，成人之道。稍不率教，辄跪于家庙之前，痛自督责，说自己德行不足，不能化诲，愿父母有灵，吞牖二弟，涕泣不已。直待兄弟号泣请罪，方才起身，并不以疾言倨色相加也。室中只用铺陈一副，兄弟三人同睡。如此数年，二弟俱已长成，家事亦渐丰盛。有人劝许武娶妻，许武答道：“若娶妻，便当与二弟别居。笃夫妇之爱，而忘手足之情，吾不忍也。”繇是昼则同耕，夜则同读，食必同器，宿必同床。乡里传出个大名，都称为“孝弟许武”，又传出几句口号，道是：</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">阳羡许季长，耕读昼夜忙。教诲二弟俱成行，不是长兄是父娘。</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">时州牧郡守俱闻其名，交章荐举，朝廷徵为议郎，下诏会稽郡。太守奉旨，檄下县令，刻日劝驾。许武迫于君命，料难推阻，吩咐两个兄弟：“在家躬耕力学，一口我在家之时，不可懈废业，有负先人遗训。”又嘱咐奴仆：“俱要小心安分，听两个家主役使，早起夜眠，共扶家业。”嘱咐已毕，收拾行装，不用官府车辆，自己雇了脚力登车，只带一个童儿，望长安进发。不一日，到京朝见受职。</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">忽一日，思想二弟在家，力学多年，不见州郡荐举，诚恐怠荒失业，意欲还家省视。遂上疏，其略云：</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">臣以菲才，遭逢圣代，致位通显，未谋报称，敢图暇逸？但古人云：“人生百行，孝弟为先。”“不孝有三，无后为大。”先父母早背，域兆未修；臣弟二人，学业未立；臣三十未娶。五天子览奏，准给假暂归，命乘传衣锦还乡，复赐黄金二十斤为婚礼之费。许武谢恩辞朝，百官俱于郊外送行。正是：</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">报道锦衣归故里，争夸白屋出公卿。</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">许武既归，省视先茔已毕，便乃纳还官诰，只推有病，不愿为官。过了些时，从容召二弟至前，询其学业之进退。许晏、许普应答如流，理明词畅。许武心中大喜。再稽查田宅之数，比前恢廓数倍，皆二弟勤俭之所积也。武于是遍访里中良家... -->>
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